Urinska inkontinenca pri vrhunskih športnicah
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37886/Ključne besede:
urinska inkontinenca, vrhunska športnica, prevalenca, količina urina, telesna aktivnostPovzetek
Raziskovalno vprašanje (RV): Kakšna je prevalenca urinske inkontinence (UI) pri vrhunskih športnicah in kontrolni skupini?
Namen raziskave: Ugotoviti prevalenco UI pri vrhunskih športnicah in kontrolni skupini.
Metoda: V raziskavi je sodelovalo 176 športnic iz športnih klubov, ki so registrirani Športni zvezi Ljubljana in 155 prostovoljk, splošne populacije, starih od 15 do 25 let, ki še niso rodile. Uporabljena je bila metoda neposrednega zbiranja podatkov s pomočjo vprašalnika. Razlike med posameznimi povprečji smo testirali z analizo variance, stopnja statistične pomembnosti je bila določena na p≤ 0,05.
Rezultati: Analiziranih je bilo 150 vprašalnikov športnic in 150 prostovoljk. Bila je statistično pomembna razlika med skupinama v telesni višini in teži. Športnice to tekmovale v devetih različnih športih in trenirale 11±3,3 ur na teden. Nehoteno uhajanje urina je navedlo 20% športnicah in 11,4% prostovoljk iz kontrolne skupine. Razlika med skupinama ni bila statistično pomembna.
Organizacija: Raziskava poudarja na nujnost ozaveščenost športne sfere o problematiki težav medeničnega dna in UI je premajhna in so potrebni ukrepi, ki bi športnicam pomagali spoznati že prve znake in simptome UI. V sklopu ozaveščanja bi bilo potrebno pri trenerjih in športnicah poudariti pomen vključevanja vadbe mišic medeničnega dna kot sestavnega dela vadbenega procesa.
Družba: UI je finančno najdražji simptom med urološkimi boleznimi in predstavlja veliko finančno breme za državo. Stroški povezani z UI obsegajo neposredne stroške, ki zajemajo stroške diagnostike, zdravljenja, higiene in dnevne oskrbe in stroške posledic UI (oskrba in zdravljenje zlomov in poškodb zaradi zdrsov/padcev, zdravljenje kožnih okužb, sprejem in bivanje v domu starejših občanov…). Posredni stroški obsegajo stroške zaradi zmanjšane produktivnosti in se nanašajo na izgubo delovnih ur, dni, delovne produktivnosti in predčasne upokojitve povezani z zdravljenje. Poleg velikega finančnega bremena pa lahko UI predstavlja tudi veliko osebno stisko. UI lahko vzrok za prenehanje ukvarjanja s športom. Neaktivnost pa neodvisni dejavnik tveganja za številne kronične nenalezljive bolezni..
Originalnost: Problem UI pri športnicah je bil v slovenskem prostoru prvič analiziran v takem obsegu. Rezultati raziskave tudi predstavljajo osnovo za oblikovanje preventivnih in kurativnih ukrepov UI v Sloveniji, saj so iz njih jasno razvidne rizične skupine žensk.
Omejitve/nadaljnje raziskovanje: Razlika v številu športnic pri posameznih športih je bila sicer statistično pomembna, a so bili kljub temu posamezni športi slabo zastopani. Prevalenca in vrsta UI se je ugotavljala zgolj z vprašalnikom. Za bolj objektivne podatke bi bilo potrebno izvesti še urodinamske preiskave. Nadaljnje raziskovanje bi moralo biti usmerjeno v ugotavljanje poškodb medeničnega dna, ki nastanejo med visoko intenzivno vadbo ter iskanje preventivnih ukrepov v smislu vadbe mišic medeničnega dna s čimer bi se tveganje za tovrstne težave v tej populaciji lahko zmanjšalo.
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