Nesreče pri delu in sistem vodenja varnosti in zdravja pri delu ISO 45001:2018 v EU
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37886/ruo.2023.002Ključne besede:
sistem vodenja varnosti in zdravja pri delu, nesreče pri delu, ISO 45001:2018, stopnja incidence, Evropska UnijaPovzetek
Raziskovalno vprašanje (RV): Zdravje in varnost zaposlenih pri delu (OH&S) je pomemben temelj družbenega razvoja in eden ključnih elementov delovanja sodobnih organizacij, zato je bilo naše glavno raziskovalno vprašanje ali število organizacij s certificiranim sistemom OH&S po standardu ISO 45001:2018 vpliva na število nesreč pri delu v državah članicah EU.
Namen: Glavni namen je bil odgovoriti na raziskovalno vprašanje. Poleg tega pa tudi preučiti obstoj morebitnih povezav med nesrečami pri delu, številom zaposlenih v državah članicah Evropske Unije in številom organizacij, certificiranih po standardu ISO 45001:2018.
Metoda: Analiza je temeljila na podatkih Eurostat o številu nesreč pri delu in številu zaposlenih v 27. državah članicah EU ter mednarodne organizacije za standardizacijo ISO o številu certificiranih organizacijah po standardu ISO 45001:2018 za leto 2020. Za izračun stopnje incidence nesreč pri delu in stopnje certifikatov smo uporabili metodologijo ESAW. Numerične podatke, uporabljene v analizi, smo statistično obdelali z uporabo programske opreme Minitab, pridobljene rezultate smo prikazali s stolpčnimi grafikoni. Zastavljene hipoteze smo preverjali z rezultati izračunov Spearmanovega koeficienta korelacije »rs« in regresijsko analizo.
Rezultati: V letu 2020 je bilo v državah EU zabeleženih 2,738,920 nesreč pri delu, od tega 3,355 nesreč s smrtnim izidom. V absolutnem številu je bilo največ nesreč brez smrtnega izida zabeleženo v Nemčiji, največ nesreč s smrtnim izidom pa v Italiji. Najvišjo stopnjo incidence za nesreče brez smrtnega izida so zabeležili na Danskem, najvišjo stopnjo incidence za nesreče s smrtnim izidom pa na Cipru. V letu 2020 je bilo v EU 30,849 organizacij s certificiranim sistemom OH&S po standardu ISO 45001:2018, največ v Italiji, ki je izkazala tudi največje število podeljenih certifikatov na 100,000 zaposlenih. Ugotovili smo, da med številom nesreč pri delu, številom zaposlenih, številom ISO 45001:2018 certifikatov, stopnjo incidence in stopnje certifikatov obstajajo povezanosti. Glavna ugotovitev raziskave pa je, da število organizacij, certificiranih po standardu ISO 45001:2018 vpliva na število nesreč pri delu v državah članicah EU. Povečevanje števila certificiranih organizacij ima namreč za posledico zmanjševanje stopnje incidence.
Organizacija: Raziskava podaja informacije o nesrečah pri delu in številu podeljenih certifikatov ISO 45001:2018 v državah EU, medtem, ko je zanje najpomembnejša ugotovitev, da uporaba sistema vodenja OH&S po standardu ISO 45001:2018 zmanjšuje nesreče pri delu. Rezultati naše raziskave lahko spodbudijo tiste organizacije, ki še niso certificirane, da to storijo.
Družba: Ugotovitve naše raziskave so lahko podlaga družbi, predvsem pa zakonodajalcem, da okrepijo ukrepe v smislu spodbud, da bi se organizacije odločale za certifikacijo sistema OH&S po standardu ISO 45001:2018, kar bi imelo pozitiven vpliv na zmanjševanje nesreč pri delu.
Originalnost: Raziskava je obravnavala aktualnih 27 držav članic EU in temeljila na zadnjih javno dostopnih podatkih Eurostat o nesrečah pri delu za leto 2020. Predvsem pa je iz vidika preučevanja vpliva sistema vodenja OH&S po standardu ISO 45001:2018 na nesreče pri delu, naša raziskava prva taka raziskava v EU.
Omejitve/nadaljnje raziskovanje: Raziskava je bila omejena na področje EU in zadnje javno dostopne podatke o nesrečah pri delu Eurostat za leto 2020. Nesreče pri delu smo preučevali le iz stališča nesreč s in brez smrtnega izida in jih nismo podrobneje razčlenjevali. Našo raziskavo bi bilo smiselno razširiti na geografsko področje Evrope ter jo poglobiti v smislu vključitve obravnave dejavnostih, v katerih organizacije delujejo. Predvsem pa predlagamo, da bi v raziskavi obravnavali več zaporednih let, kar bi omogočilo preučevanja trenda vpliva sistema vodenja OH&S po standardu ISO 45001:2018 na nesreče pri delu.
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