Sistem ravnanja z okoljem ISO 14001 in nacionalna gospodarstva v državah članicah EU
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37886/ruo.2021.041Ključne besede:
sistem ravnanja z okoljem, ISO 14001, certifikacija, varovanje okolje, kazalniki nacionalnega gospodarstvaPovzetek
Raziskovalno vprašanje (RV): Glede na naraščajoč pomen okoljske ozaveščenosti je bilo naše glavno raziskovalno vprašanje, ali nacionalna gospodarstva v državah članicah EU vplivajo na število organizacij s certifikatom ISO 14001.
Namen: Primarni namen raziskave je bil pridobiti odgovor na naš raziskovalni problem, ali nacionalna gospodarstva v državah članicah EU vplivajo na število organizacij, ki imajo certificiran sistem ravnanja z okoljem ISO 14001 in raziskati trend števila certifikatov v Evropski uniji.
Metoda: Empirično analizo smo izvedli na podlagi podatkov mednarodne organizacije za standardizacijo ISO o številu certifikatov ISO 14001 za leto 2019 ter podatkov Eurostata za izbrane makroekonomske kazalnike nacionalnih gospodarstev. V raziskavi smo obravnavali 28 držav članic Evropske unije v letu 2019. Distribucijo podatkov smo prikazali s stolpčnimi grafikoni. Numerične podatke, uporabljene v analizi, smo statistično obdelali z uporabo programske opreme Minitab. Nenormalno porazdeljene podatke smo pred statistično obdelavo transformirali z uporabo Johnsonove transformacijske metode. Preverjanje hipotez smo izvedli na podlagi izračunanih Pearsonovih koeficientov korelacije »r« med posameznimi obravnavanimi faktorji.
Rezultati: V letu 2019 je bilo v državah članicah EU 92.290 organizacij s certifikatom ISO 14001. Po absolutnem številu certifikatov so na prvih petih mestih tako imenovane »starejše članice« EU, in sicer Italija, Španija, Združeno Kraljestvo, Nemčija in Francija. Največje število certifikatov na eno milijardo EUR BDP imajo tako imenovane »nove članice« Bolgarija, Hrvaška, Romunija, Češka in Estonija. Glavna ugotovitev naše raziskave je, da višina BDP vpliva na število certifikatov ISO 14001 v državah članicah EU, saj glede na izračunani Pearsonov koeficient korelacije med obravnavanima faktorjema obstaja močna povezanost. Ostali obravnavani makroekonomski faktorji nacionalnih gospodarstev, kot so izdatki države za varstvo okolja, prihodki od okoljskih davkov in ocena indeksa globalne konkurenčnosti, nimajo vpliva na število certifikatov ISO 14001.
Organizacija: Raziskava omogoča organizacijam vpogled v stanje na področju števila certifikatov ISO 14001 v državah članicah EU. Prikazan pozitiven trend rasti števila certifikatov je lahko dodaten motivacijski faktor organizacijam, ki se za certifikacijo šele odločajo.
Družba: Glavna ugotovitev, da je certificiran sistem ravnanja z okoljem po standardu ISO 14001 koristno in učinkovito orodje upravljanja, ki prinaša večjo okoljsko učinkovitost in trajnost, konkurenčno prednost ter finančno in organizacijsko uspešnost je pomembna tako za organizacije, kot tudi za širšo družbo.
Originalnost: Glede na to, da je naša raziskava vključevala vseh 28 držav članic EU v letu 2019 in, da so bili uporabljeni najnovejši javno dostopni podatki o številu certifikatov ISO 14001 v letu 2019, menimo, da je naša raziskava s tega vidika edinstvena.
Omejitve/nadaljnje raziskovanje: Raziskavo smo omejili na 28 držav članic EU. Hipoteze smo preverjali glede na zadnje javno dostopne podatke za leto 2019, objavljene s strani mednarodne organizacije za standardizacijo ISO. Smiselno bi bilo nadaljevati našo raziskavo tako, da bi poleg štirih faktorjev, ki smo jih obravnavali, obravnavali še dodatne makroekonomske kazalnike nacionalnih gospodarstev. Na ta način bi lahko ugotovili, če še kateri drugi faktorji, poleg BDP, pozitivno prispevajo k rasti števila certifikatov ISO 14001. Lahko pa bi v obravnavo zajeli še ostale države evropskega kontinenta, ki niso članice EU.
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