Evaluation of Screening Activities For Diabetic Retinopathy
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37886/ruo.2025.009Keywords:
diabetes, screening program, diabetic retinopathy, complications, fundus imaging, blood sugar, risk factors, insulinAbstract
Research Question (RQ): Which age group has the highest number of diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening visits, does the number of screenings differ between men and women, and which primary diagnosis is the most common?
Purpose: The research aims to analyze changes in the treatment of patients in the DR screening program between 2017 and 2023 and to identify factors that influence the effectiveness of the program.
Method: The research objectives are achieved by analyzing the dynamics of patient treatment in the DR screening program between 2017 and 2023, using quantitative statistical methods and a theoretical approach based on standardized protocols for the diagnosis and treatment of DR. We considered ethical standards and the privacy of patients' personal data.
Results: A brief description of the research results.
Organization: The research provides managers and organizations with a better understanding of the effectiveness and implementation of the DR screening program, which may lead to improved practice and more targeted interventions to prevent this disease.
Society: Research contributes to the improvement of societal health by increasing awareness of DR, which strengthens social responsibility and contributes to better human health and thus to a more sustainable healthcare system.
Originality: The research provides a new perspective on changes in patient management in the DR screening program, which is critical to improving prevention and health care.
Limitations/Future Research: Limitations of the research and suggestions for further research.
References
Altomare, F., Kherani, A., & Lovshin, J. (2018). Retinopathy. Diabetes Canada Clinical Practice Guidelines Expert Committee. Canadian Journal of Diabetes. Pridobljeno 7. marca 2023, na https://guidelines.diabetes.ca/cpg/chapter30
American Diabetes Association. (2022b). Pharmacologic approaches to glycemic treatment: Standards of medical care in diabetes-2022. Diabetes Care, 45(Supplement 1), S111–S124.
Bernik Golubić, Š. (2014). Prepoznavanje in zdravljenje sladkorne bolezni. Lekarniška zbornica Slovenije.
Bulc, M. (2006). Zgodnja prepoznava za sladkorno bolezen ogroženega bolnika. Naš dom zdravja-interni časopis, Zdravstveni dom dr. Adolfa Drolca Maribor.
Fong, D. S., Aiello, L. P., Ferris, F. L. 3rd, & Klein, R. (2004). Diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes Care, 27(10), 2540–2553.
Grubič, Z. (2011). Mehanizmi nastanka in zapletov sladkorne bolezni. Ljubljana: Medicinska fakulteta, Inštitut za patološko fiziologijo.
Hendrick, A. M., Kahook, M. Y., Daoud, Y. J., & Hazin, R. (2009). Ophthalmic manifestations of endocrine disorders: approaches and medical management. Current Opinion in Ophthalmology, 20, 495–503.
International Diabetes Federation. (2022, December). Pridobljeno 22. februar 2023, na https://diabetesatlas.org/2022-reports/
Kerstič Petrič, V., Zaletel Vrtovec, J., & Potočnik, A. (2010). Nacionalni program za obvladovanje sladkorne bolezni 2010–2020. Ljubljana: Republika Slovenija, Ministrstvo za zdravje.
Komadina, D. (2004). Živeti zdravo življenje. Ljubljana: Slofit, d.o.o.
Koselj, M., & Triller, C. (2008). Oskrba diabetičnega stopala – priročnik za medicinske sestre in zdravstvene tehnike (3rd ed.). Ljubljana: Združenje endokrinologov Slovenije pri Slovenskem zdravniškem društvu.
Koselj, M. (2006a). Kronični zapleti sladkorne bolezni. Ljubljana: Zveza društev diabetikov Slovenije.
Koselj, M. (2006b). Opredelitev, diagnoza, razvrstitev in epidemiologija sladkorne bolezni. In Seminar za učitelje o sladkorni bolezni (pp. 8-10). Ljubljana, Slovenia: Zveza društev diabetikov Slovenije.
Majhen, M. (2011). Medpanožnost promocije gibalne športne aktivnosti za zdravje (Master's thesis). University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Education, Ljubljana.
Ministrstvo za zdravje. (2008). Smernice zdravega prehranjevanja delavcev v delovnih organizacijah. Republika Slovenija. Pridobljeno 22. november 2023, na http://mz.arhiv-spletisc.gov.si/fileadmin/mz.gov.si/pageuploads/javno_zdravje_09/Smernice_zdravega_prehranjevanja_delevcev.pdf
Mrevlje, F. (2009). Zdravljenje sladkorne bolezni tipa 2. In F. Mrevlje (Ed.), Sladkorna bolezen. Priročnik za zdravnike (3rd ed.). Ljubljana: Slovensko medicinsko društvo v sodelovanju in slovensko osteološko društvo.
Nacionalni inštitut za javno zdravje. (2018). Smernice za preprečevanje in zdravljenje sladkorne bolezni. Ljubljana: NIJZ.
Nentwich, M. M., & Ulbig, M. W. (2015). Diabetic retinopathy - ocular complications of diabetes mellitus. World Journal of Diabetes, 6(3), 489-499. Pridobljeno 25. maj 2023, na https://doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v6.i3.489
Ravnik-Oblak, M. (2009). Opredelitev, razvrstitev, klinična slika, diagnostika in epidemiologija sladkorne bolezni. Slovensko osteološko društvo.
Scanlon, P. H., Aldington, S. J., & Stratton, I. M. (2010). Delay in diabetic retinopathy screening increases the rate of detection of referable diabetic retinopathy. The British Journal of Ophthalmology, 94(11), 1608–1612.
Skvarča, A. (2013). Abecedarji sladkorne bolezni. Ljubljana, Slovenia: Zveza društev diabetikov Slovenije.
Stergar, E., & Urdih-Lazar, T. (2012). Zdravi delavci v zdravih organizacijah. Ljubljana: UKC Ljubljana. Kodeks etike v zdravstveni negi in oskrbi Slovenije. Uradni list RS št. 52/14 in 18/15.
Toth, M. (2009). Dolgotrajna oskrba - nova veja socialne varnosti. Delo in varnost, LIV(2). Pridobljeno 13. november 2022, na https://www.dlib.si/stream/URN:NBN:SI:DOC-ZOL6LW/dd20adc3-5def-41a6-bef1-7d0dac18810f/PDF
Urad Republike Slovenije za makroekonomske analize in razvoj. (2017b). Strategija dolgožive družbe. Pridobljeno 13. november 2023, na http://www.umar.gov.si/teme/demografske-spremembe/tema/news/strategija-dolgozivedruzbe/?tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D= News&tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&cHash=81c67191bdbb563f151509315ee05536
Urbančič, M., & Globočnik Petrovič, M. (2022). Diabetična retinopatija. In M. Poljanec Bohnec & K. Peklaj (Eds.), Sladkorna bolezen: priročnik za zdravstvene delavce (pp. 260–267). Ljubljana: Univerzitetni klinični center Ljubljana, Društvo EDMED.
Urbančič, M. (2020). Vsaka vrstica šteje. Ljubljana: Novartis Pharma Services.
Uršič-Bratina, N., & Battelino, T. (2007). Pogostost sladkorne bolezni tipa 1 pri otrocih in mladostnikih v Sloveniji strmo narašča. Sladkorna bolezen, 70, 31-34.
World Health Organization. (2021). Diabetes. Pridobljeno na https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/diabetes
ZZZS. (2023). Objava šifrantov. Pridobljeno 15. marec 2023, na https://partner.zzzs.si/ wps/portal/portali/aizv/sifranti
