Ekonomski vidiki varovanja poslovnih skrivnosti v krožnem gospodarstvu
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37886/ip.2026.002Ključne besede:
krožno gospodarstvo, poslovne skrivnosti, ekonomski vidiki, deljenje znanja, zaupne informacije, obvladovanje tveganj, institucionalni mehanizmiPovzetek
Raziskovalno vprašanje (RV): Ta članek obravnava vidike varstva poslovnih skrivnosti z vidika krožnega gospodarstva. Osredotoča se na tri raziskovalna vprašanja: (1) kako podjetja obvladujejo napetosti med izmenjavo informacij in varstvom ključnega znanja, (2) kateri so ključni ekonomski dejavniki in metode, s katerimi podjetja ocenjujejo koristi in tveganja razkritja znanja, in (3) katere strategije podjetja uporabljajo za ekonomsko obvladovanje tveganj, povezanih z varstvom poslovnih skrivnosti.
Namen: Cilj je raziskati ekonomske razsežnosti varstva poslovnih skrivnosti v krožnem gospodarstvu. Poudarek je na napetostih med sodelovanjem in varstvom znanja, ekonomskih dejavnikih, ki usmerjajo odločitve o razkritju, in strategijah obvladovanja tveganj.
Metoda: Izveden je bil sistematični pregled literature z uporabo smernic PRISMA v podatkovnih bazah Web of Science in Scopus. Analiza je vključevala strokovno pregledane članke, objavljene v letih 2016–2025 v angleščini, s področja okoljske znanosti, trajnosti, poslovnih znanosti in ekonomije. Po večstopenjskem postopku izbora je bilo v končno analizo vključenih 35 člankov.
Rezultati: Analiza kaže, da so napetosti med varovanjem in deljenjem znanja zelo razširjene in se odražajo v dilemah med kratkoročno konkurenčnostjo in dolgoročno trajnostjo. Ekonomski dejavniki in metode vrednotenja so raznoliki. Podjetja uporabljajo tradicionalne finančne kazalnike za ocenjevanje odločitev: donosnost naložbe in ekonomska dodana vrednost. V praksi jih dopolnjujejo pristopi vrednotenja trajnosti, npr. analiza življenjskega cikla, okoljsko računovodstvo in merjenje pripravljenosti potrošnikov za plačilo. Strategije upravljanja tveganj temeljijo na kombinaciji formalnih mehanizmov, v katerih prevladujejo pogodbe in licence, neformalnih pristopov, ki vključujejo zaupanje in etične zaveze, ter tehnoloških rešitev, kot sta digitalna sledljivost in tehnologija veriženja blokov. Učinkovitost teh strategij je tesno povezana z institucionalnimi spodbudami, ki zmanjšujejo tveganja in spodbujajo sodelovanje.
Organizacija: Ugotovitve ponujajo smernice poslovnim vodjem za uravnoteženo upravljanje varstva znanja v krožnih poslovnih modelih. Raziskava poudarja pomen sistematičnega ocenjevanja ekonomskih koristi in tveganj razkritja informacij ter vzpostavitve ustreznih mehanizmov za zmanjšanje negotovosti sodelovanja.
Družba: Pomembno je poudariti institucionalne mehanizme za podporo varni izmenjavi znanja, ki ima širše posledice za trajnostni razvoj, saj omogoča učinkovitejšo uporabo virov, zmanjšane vplive na okolje in večjo odgovornost podjetij do družbe in okolja.
Originalnost: Podjetja pogosto usmerjajo ekonomske odločitve k maksimiranju zasebnih koristi, kar omejuje potencial za transformativne učinke krožnosti. Trajnostna transformacija zahteva institucionalne mehanizme, ki zmanjšujejo stroške sodelovanja in povečujejo varnost izmenjave znanja.
Omejitve/nadaljnje raziskovanje: Raziskava je omejena na strokovno pregledane članke v angleščini, objavljene med letoma 2016 in 2025 ter indeksirane v dveh podatkovnih bazah, analiza pa temelji na sekundarnih virih. Nadaljnje raziskave bi lahko vključevale poglobljene študije primerov, primerjalne analize med državami in empirično testiranje vpliva institucionalnih mehanizmov na pripravljenost podjetij za deljenje in zaščito znanja v krožnih poslovnih modelih.
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