Zdravstvena pismenost medicinskih sester in pacienti z oviranostmi
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37886/ip.2023.002Ključne besede:
oviranost, pacient, medicinska sestra, zdravstvena pismenost, znanjePovzetek
Raziskovalno vprašanje (RQ): Kako medicinske sestre obvladajo delo z invalidnimi bolniki glede na znanja, ki jih pridobijo na formalnem in neformalnem izobraževanju?
Namen: Posebne potrebe oseb z ovirami so del človeškega življenja. Osebe z ovirami se soočajo z mnogimi preprekami in odnos do njih sodi med najpomembnejše. Zavedanje pomembnosti zdravstvene pismenosti daje zdravstvenim delavcem priložnost za podporo pacientom in njihovim družinam pri premagovanju ovir. Namen raziskave je bil ugotoviti, koliko znanja za delu s pacienti s posebnimi potrebami so medicinske sestre pridobile med formalnim izobraževanjem, ugotoviti njihove potrebe po pridobivanju dodatnega znanja, ugotoviti vpliv osebnih izkušenj na njihovo stališče in odnos do pacientov s posebnimi potrebami ter ugotoviti, kakšne izkušnje imajo s svojci pacientov s posebnimi potrebami
Metoda: Uporabljena je bila kvalitativna paradigma raziskovanja, podatke smo zbirali z anketiranjem. Podatke smo zbirali s pomočjo strukturiranega vprašalnika. Pri interpretaciji podatkov oz. besednih zapisov anketirancev smo uporabili večfazni postopek kvalitativne analize vsebine. Z analizo vsebine odgovorov anketirancev smo oblikovali tri glavne teme: (1) izkušnje z negovanjem pacientov z ovirami, (2) izkušnje s svojci pacientov z ovirami ter (3) pomembnost znanja za delo s pacienti z ovirami. Zbrane podatke smo kodirali in na koncu pripravili pojasnila ugotovitev.
Rezultati: Ugotovitve raziskave med medicinskimi sestrami kažejo na potrebo po vključitvi izobraževanja s področja posebnih potreb oseb z ovirami v izobraževalni kurikulum medicinskih sester na dodiplomskem in na podiplomskem izobraževanju. Medicinske sestre svoje znanje za delo z osebami z ovirami pridobivajo tekom delovnega procesa, pa tudi z dodatnim usposabljanjem in izobraževanjem. Medicinske sestre imajo osebne in profesionalne izkušnje s tega področja, pri čemer imajo tako s pacienti z ovirami kot tudi z njihovimi svojci pozitivne izkušnje.
Organizacija: Raziskava je bila osredotočena na zdravstveno pismenost medicinskih sester in pacientov z ovirami. Fokus raziskave naslavlja predvsem pomen zdravstvenih ustanov in njihove delovne sile, ki so dolžni zagotavljati varno in inkluzivno okolje za ranljive skupine (v našem primeru paciente z ovirami).
Družba: Zdravstvena nega ima dolgo in pomembno zgodovino prilagajanja spremembam v družbi in njenim zdravstvenim potrebam ter se odziva na zahteve družbe. Medicinske sestre imajo pomembno vlogo pri zdravstveni oskrbi, zato je treba potrebne spremembe začeti pri njih. Medicinske sestre imajo vpliv tako na osebni in individualni ravni kot na ravni organizacije. Pri spodbujanju zdravstvene pismenosti so najpomembnejše, saj so tiste, ki delajo najbližje pacientom in imajo vsakodnevne stike z njimi.
Izvirnost: Izvirnost prispevka se kaže v proučevanju zelo aktualne družbene problematike, ki posega v doslej premalo raziskano zdravstveno pismenost medicinskih sester in pacientov z ovirami v Sloveniji. Raziskava je prva tovrstna raziskava v Sloveniji.
Omejitve/nadaljnje raziskovanje: V raziskavi je sodelovalo premajhno število medicinskih sester. To je prva tovrstna raziskava v slovenskem prostoru, zato ni možno izvesti ustrezne primerjave z ugotovitvami drugih domačih avtorjev. Uporabljen merski instrument smo delno izdelali sami, kajti obstoječi tuji merski instrument je zastarel in neustrezen. Izvedena raziskava podaja idejo za nadaljnje delo na tem tako zelo občutljivem, a vse bolj pomembnem področju dela medicinskih sester.
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