Načela vitkega proizvajanja in uspešnosti gospodarskih družb
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37886/ruo.2023.021Ključne besede:
donosnost kapitala, gospodarske družbe, menedžment, pregled literature, vitko proizvajanje, načela, dejavnikiPovzetek
Raziskovalno vprašanje (RV): Katera načela vitkega proizvajanja vplivajo na ROE oziroma donosnost kapitala?
Namen: Namen raziskave je bil opraviti sistematičen pregled dosedanjih empiričnih raziskav o načelih vitkega proizvajanja ter preveriti njihov vpliv na donosnost kapitala.
Metoda: Uporabili smo metode deskripcije in kompilacije rezultatov obravnavanih kvalitativnih in kvantitativnih raziskav. Opravili smo sistematičen pregled domačih in tujih empiričnih raziskav za preteklih dvajset let. Prevladujoči uporabljen način raziskave je bil kombinacija kvantitativne in kvalitativne metode. Z uporabo iskalnih pojmov smo identificirali 644 znanstvenih del, od katerih smo 25 primernih vključili v kvalitativno sintezo. Uporabili smo bazo ProQuest, ScienceDirect, Google scholar, Springer Link, Scopus, Unpaywall, Scientific Research in Scientific & Academic Publishing. Iskali smo tudi v repozitorijih Univerze na Primorskem, Univerze v Novi Gorici, Univerze v Ljubljani, Univerze v Mariboru ter v elektronski knjižnici Fakultete za organizacijske študije v Novem mestu.
Rezultati: Med 25-timi preučevanimi znanstvenimi deli smo ugotovili, da avtorji v nobeni empirični raziskavi niso zajeli vseh načel vitkega proizvajanja. Preučevali so posamezna načela in na osnovi tega ne moremo zagotovo trditi, da vsa načela vplivajo na kazalnik ROE. Smo pa v raziskavi prepoznali nekaj načel, ki vplivajo na ROE in sicer načelo 4 (izravnavanje količine dela), načelo 5 (TPM), načelo 6 (nadzor procesov), načelo 8 (skupinska tehnologija), načelo 10 (vključenost zaposlenih) in načelo 11 (komunikacija z dobavitelji in vključenost strank). Največ empiričnih raziskav je bilo opravljenih na področju gospodarskih dejavnosti. Populacija je zajela vse oblike podjetij z velikim številom anketirancev, šest pa je bilo študij primera. Za pridobivanje podatkov je bilo največkrat uporabljeno anketiranje, čeprav novi priročniki, simulacije ter novi modeli niso izostajali.
Organizacija: S predstavitvijo stanja na področju raziskav načel vitkega proizvajanja na donosnost kapitala organizacijam predstavimo najpogosteje obravnavana načela vitkega proizvajanja. Na podlagi tega pa imajo v organizacijah priložnost preučiti lastno stanje na tem področju in prepoznajo morebitne priložnosti za izboljšanje.
Družba: Gospodarstvo vpliva na kakovost življenja in v primeru dobrega poslovanja, je ta vpliv še toliko večji. S povečevanjem zanimanja javnosti se organizacijam povečuje tudi možnost izbora in pridobitve kadrov, primernih za njihovo delovanje in nadaljevanja rasti uspešnosti.
Originalnost: Raziskava je pokazala pomanjkanje raziskav na področju načel vitkega proizvajanja kot gradnikov uspešnosti gospodarskih družb. Večina dosedanjih raziskav temelji na poskusih uvajanja teh načel, raziskav glede uspešnosti njihovega vpliva na donosnost kapitala pa še ni bilo.
Omejitve/nadaljnje raziskovanje: Raziskava je bila omejena na 25 znanstvenih del z obdobja od leta 2000 do leta 2022. Glede na prepoznane raziskovalne predloge oziroma zaznane vrzeli bi kvantitativna raziskava vpliva načel vitkega proizvajanja na uspešnost srednjih in velikih organizacij, merjeno s kazalnikom donosnosti na kapital pomembno prispevala k novim znanjem na tem področju.
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